Red Tree Brain Fungus

Peniophora rufa

Peniophora rufa, commonly called Red Tree Brain Fungus, forms small cushion-like patches on dead hardwood bark. The surface is wrinkled and irregular, often appearing brain-like or folded into shallow lobes. Colors range from orange-red to brick red, sometimes deepening toward cinnabar tones when moist. Colonies frequently follow bark fissures or raised ridges, creating clustered islands of color against the darker wood.

These fungi are typically found on fallen branches or standing dead wood, especially hardwoods such as oak. Their matte, fleshy texture contrasts with the surrounding bark and nearby lichens, making them stand out in winter or early spring when leaves and understory vegetation are sparse.

For identification details and comparison with other similar species, see the Peniophora rufa in the Field Notes section.

Red Tree Brain Fungus on Oak Twig
Small red cushions of *Peniophora rufa* following bark fissures on a fallen oak branch.
Camera: Canon EOS 5D Mk IV
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